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Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies are ineffective in a high proportion of patients. Combining bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, quantitative histopathology, and in situ localisation, we describe heterogeneity of the tissular inflammatory response in IBD treatment failure. Among inflammatory pathotypes, we found high neutrophil infiltration, activation of fibroblasts, and vascular remodelling at sites of deep ulceration was a feature of non-response to several anti-inflammatory therapies. Activated fibroblasts in the ulcer bed display neutrophil chemoattractant properties that are IL-1R- but not TNF-dependent. The identification of distinct, localised, tissular pathotypes associated with treatment non-response will aid precision targeting of current therapeutics and provide a biological rationale for IL-1 signalling blockade in ulcerating disease.

Original publication

DOI

10.1101/2021.02.05.429804

Type

Journal article

Publication Date

2021

Keywords

Oxford IBD Cohort Investigators, Roche Fibroblast Network Consortium