Dos Santos LI., Galvão-Filho B., de Faria PC., Junqueira C., Dutra MS., Teixeira SMR., Rodrigues MM., Ritter G., Bannard O., Fearon DT., Antonelli LR., Gazzinelli RT.

The development of cancer immunotherapy has long been a challenge. Here, we report that prophylactic vaccination with a highly attenuated Trypanosoma cruzi strain expressing NY-ESO-1 (CL-14-NY-ESO-1) induces both effector memory and effector CD8(+) T lymphocytes that efficiently prevent tumor development. However, the therapeutic effect of such a vaccine is limited. We also demonstrate that blockade of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) during vaccination enhances the frequency of NY-ESO-1-specific effector CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-γ and promotes lymphocyte migration to the tumor infiltrate. As a result, therapy with CL-14-NY-ESO-1 together with anti-CTLA-4 is highly effective in controlling the development of an established melanoma.

Blockade of CTLA-4 promotes the development of effector CD8+ T lymphocytes and the therapeutic effect of vaccination with an attenuated protozoan expressing NY-ESO-1.

Dos Santos LI., Galvão-Filho B., de Faria PC., Junqueira C., Dutra MS., Teixeira SMR., Rodrigues MM., Ritter G., Bannard O., Fearon DT., Antonelli LR., Gazzinelli RT.

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